php - Eloquent Query Scope return Builder instead of Model when using phpunit

Solution:

You're using query scopes incorrectly. They should never fetch any records (this is what your call to first() is doing) - they are only allowed to update the query with adding/removing constraints.

Replace

public function scopeFindByAccountCode($query,$account_code){
  return $query->where('account_code', $account_code)->first();
}
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with

public function scopeFindByAccountCode($query,$account_code){
  return $query->where('account_code', $account_code);
}
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and use it everywhere like the following:

$user = User::findByAccountCode($transaction->account_code)->first();
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If you want to have a method in your User method that would return a user for given account code, feel free to create it, but don't start its name with scope, e.g.:

public static function findByAccountCode($account_code){
  return static::where('account_code', $account_code)->first();
}
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This way your code will work as you wanted - call the following to get a single user:

$user = User::findByAccountCode($transaction->account_code);
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Solution:

I got the problem solve turns out that my factory method in my test is using

factory(User::class)->make() 
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it should be

factory(User::class)->create()
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