php - Implementing a report card generation system

Solution:

This question is not really appropriate for StackOverflow, but I will try to get you started by providing a first draft for your tables:

Teacher

TeacherId INT NOT NULL Primary key Autogenerated
FirstName VARCHAR(100)
LastName VARCHAR(100)
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Student

StudentId INT NOT NULL Primary key Autogenerated
FirstName VARCHAR(100)
LastName VARCHAR(100)
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Subject

SubjectId INT NOT NULL Primary key Autogenerated
SubjectName VARCHAR(100)
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TeacherXSubject (association between teachers and subjects)

TeacherXSubjectId INT NOT NULL Primary key Autogenerated
TeacherId INT NOT NULL FK -> Teacher
SubjectId INT NOT NULL FK -> Subject
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an unique key should be placed on (TeacherId,SubjectId)

Class

ClassId INT NOT NULL Primary key Autogenerated
ClassName VARCHAR(100)
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TeacherXClass (classes one teacher may teach)

TeacherXClassId INT NOT NULL Primary key Autogenerated
TeacherId INT NOT NULL FK -> Teacher
ClassId INT NOT NULL FK -> Class
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an unique key should be placed on (TeacherId,ClassId)

ClassXStudent (the classes a student may attend)

ClassXStudentId INT NOT NULL Primary key Autogenerated
ClassId INT NOT NULL FK -> Class
StudentId INT NOT NULL FK -> Student
Grade INT    -- type may depend on how the grade looks (numeric vs. A, B, ...)
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For the first request: see the students he/she teaches

SELECT S.*
FROM Student S
   INNER JOIN ClassXStudent CxS ON CxS.StudentId = S.StudentId
   INNER JOIN TeacherXClass TxS ON TxS.ClassId = CxS.ClassId
WHERE T.TeacherId = <current teacher id>
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Give it a try and come back with more targeted questions :).